2023年12月6日发(作者:)
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初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
初中英语语法专题讲座一一介词
【复习要点】
边。By the way, what time is it now? 顺便问一下,现在几点了? Miss Zhao came
in with a big smile on her face. 赵老师满面笑容地走了进来。
三、几组介词的用法比较:
一、 介词短语的形式:
1. in, at, on :这三个介词都可以表示时间,但在使用上有区别。
介词是一种虚词,不能独立存在。它必须和随后的补足成分
语、从句等。现分别举例如下:
(又称 介词宾语”)
⑴in表示时间段,即在较长的一段时间内。例如: in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早晨/下午/晚上 in the daytime / night 在白天/夜里 in a day / week / mon th / year 在一天in August 在八月 in
spri ng / summer / autu mn / win ter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 in (the year) 2004 在 2004
(a letter) for
年 3 月 19 日星期五 in the winter holiday(s)在寒假 in one' s life 在(某人)一生中 He
is in his twe nties. 他二十几岁了。
⑵一般认为,at表示时间点,即钟点、(做某事的)时刻等。例如: at six
一起构成介词短语,才能用于句中。介词宾语可以是名词、代词、数词、动名 词、wh-短⑴ 介词+名词,例如:
(go) by bus 乘公共汽车(去)(play) in the park 在公 园里(玩)/一周/一个月/一年内
(come) on Sun day 星期天(来)
⑵ 介词+代词,例如:(talk) to on eself 对自己(说),自言自语
you给你的(信)(not…at all 一点也(不)
⑶ 介词+数词,例如:(cut sth) in two (把 ...... 切)成两半
⑷ 介词+动名词,例如:
drawing pictures 善于画画
o' clock在六点钟 at noon (= at 12:00 in the daytime) 在中午 at that time 在那 时候;当时 at the moment (= now) 现在;此刻 at the end of the holiday 在假 期结束时
但是,在以下的时间短语中, at却表示时间段:at dinner time在(吃)晚饭
(a way) of doing that做那件事的(方式) be good at
⑸ 介词+ wh-短语,例如:(talk) about what to do next (谈论)下一步该做什么
⑹ 介词+从句,例如: Please think of what I said. 请你考虑我说的话。
二、 介词短语的基本用法:
⑴ 介词短语用作表语, 例如:The post office is just across the street. 邮局就在
街对面。She looks so much like her mother. 她长得非常像她的母亲。
⑵ 介词短语用作宾语补足语,例如: I was surprised to find him on the bus. 发 现他在公共汽车上,我很吃惊。
要拘束。
⑶ 介词短语用作后置定语,例如: The girl in the hat is my sister. 那个头戴帽 子的女孩是我的妹妹。 Do you like the jacket on the left? 你喜欢左边的那件短 上衣吗? Did you see
the house with many trees around it? 你看到那座周围长满 树的房子了吗?
⑷ 介词短语用作状语,例如: What are you going to do on Christmas? 在圣诞
节你打算做什么? A policeman is standing next to him. 一位警察站在他的旁
Please make yourself at home.请随便一点,不
时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末 at Christmas 在圣诞期间 at this time
of (the) year 在一年的这个时节
⑶on表示特定的日子。例如:① 表示日期:on March 20, 2004 在2004年3
月20日② 表示星期几:on Saturday在星期六on weekdays在平时;从周一 到周五(或周六)③ 表示某日的时辰:on Sunday morning 在星期日早晨 on a Mon day afternoo n 在一个星期一的下午 on the night of August 10 在 8 月 10 日 的夜里④ 表示节日、纪念日: on New Year' s Day在元旦on my birthday 在
我生日那天 on that day 在那天⑤ 表示特别的日子:on the following day (在) 第二天 on
a cold winter morning 在一个寒冬的早晨 on a sunny day in October在10月的一个晴朗的日子
2. duri ng, in:
两者用作介词时均与表示一般时间的名词连用,意为
能相互换用。但是,在实际运用中应注意下面几点:
在…期间” 一般情况下
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初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
① •若谓语动词着重于动作或状态的延续性时,习惯用 during ;若表示某一行
为发生在一段时间中的某一点时间时, 习惯用in。例如:I learned a lot during my
stay in the countryside .我呆在农村的那段日子里学了很多东西。
1997 .她出生于1997年。
She was born in
grass.他们坐在草地上。 Do you live on the seco nd floor? [美国英语]你住在
below。例如:The plane
二楼吗? / [英国英语]你住在三楼吗? He jumped on the horse.他跳上了马。
⑵above是指离开物体表面而在其上方,其反义词为
flew above the clouds.飞机在云层之上飞行。 The mountain is about 2,000 metres above
② .当表示对比或强调时, 多用in,而不用during。例如:Mr. Black visited Chi na in 1980 ,
the sea.那座山约海拔 2,000米高。
not in 1970 .
⑶over是指在物体的正上方,有时还有“覆盖;越过”之意,其反义词为under。 例如:
布莱克生先是1980年访问中国的,不是 1970年。
A lamp was hanging over the table. 一盏灯高挂在餐桌上方。 I saw a stone bridge over the
③ .表示一段时间的名词 holiday , childhood , stay 等词前,习惯上用 during , 而不用 in。
river. 我看见一座石桥横跨河上。
例如: I think that maybe his Chinese teacher will give Jim some work to do during the
holiday .我想这段假期或许吉姆的汉语老师会给他一些作业做。
5. by, before, until :这三个介词都可以表示时间。用法区别如下:
(=not later than),包括某时
3. for, since: for和since引导的时间状语都有延续之意,但着眼点不同,用法也有所不同。
⑴by和before的比较:by表示“不迟于某时”
在内;before则表示“在某时之前” (=earlier than ),不包括某时在内。请比
⑴“ for +时间段”表示“(延续)……之久”,其着眼点是现在,即表示延
续到现在的一段时间(与现在完成时连用),或表示一段已经终结了的时间
过去时连用),或表示将要延续的一段时间
(与
较:
* by Friday.(不迟于星期五)
(与将来时连用)。例如:They have
lived in Chi na for two years. 他们在中国已经住了两年。 (现在还在中国)They lived in Chi
I will finish it “
na for two years. 他们在中国住过两年。 They will stay here for a few weeks.他们将在这里住上几个星期。
⑵“ since +时间点”表示“自从(过去某时)以来”,其着眼点是过去某时, 即表示自过去某时延续至今的一段时间, 常与现在完成时连用。 例如:She has
I have n '
w ritte n worked here si nee 1999.自 1999 年以来,她就在这里工作。
home since Christmas.自圣诞节以来,我就没有给家里写过信。
We haven ' t seen each otheince three years ago.自三年前以来,我们彼此就未 见过面。
before Friday.(早于星期五)
⑵by和until的比较:by表示一个动作在不迟于某时的任何时候发生,动词 常用瞬时性动词;until (用于肯定句时)表示一个动作一直延续到某时,动词
常用延续性动词。请比较: We must leave by five o ' clocl< 5点或5点以前离
开)We must wait until five o ' clock.一直等到 5 点)
6. between, among :
since还可以用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句
(通常用一般过去式)。例如:It has bee
①.between 多指两者之间。如: What's the differenee between the two words?
n raining since I got up this morning. 今天早晨我起床以来, 天一直在下 雨。It is just a week
among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间,在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,
since we arrived here. 我们到这里以来只有一星期的时间。
表示“在 .. 中间, 在 ... 之中”。如:The young people lived and worked among
the workers.
4. on, above, over : 这三个介词都可以表示地点,意思是“在……上”,但具体含义有所不同。
注意:我们可以说 between you and me,但不能说 between you and I,因为 betwee n是⑴on是指与物体表面接触而不是在其上方。例如: They are sitting on the
介词。64
初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
②.between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。 三个或三个
by the way 顺便问(说)一下 from Mon day to
at the end of 在 ..... 末
Friday 从周一到周五 in a hurry 匆忙地 in En
at the mome nt 此匕刻
以上的名词用 and连接,前面用 between,而不用among。如:Switzerland lies between
glish 用英语 in the city 在城里 in the daytime
at three o ' clo在三点钟
France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国,意大利,奥地利和德国 之间。
在白天 in the end 最后
in the ope n air 在户外; 露天
7. in stead, in stead of :
in time及时
⑴in stead不是介词,而是副词。它的意思是“作为代替;(不……)而”,
on duty 值班;值日
中文译法灵活。in stead常位于句末。例如: He was ill, so I went in stead. 他病 了,因on Mon day morning 在星期一早晨
此我就(代他)去了。 I don ' t like this one; please give me thaitnstead.我 不喜欢这一on the left 在左边
个,请把那一个给我。 They don' thave beef; let ' have some fish
in stead.他们没有牛肉,我们改吃鱼吧。
on time 按时;准时
in stead还可以用作连接性状语,表示对比。例如: They did n ' go to Greece, in stead, they
to the east of 在 ..... 东面(不接壤)
went to France.他们没有去希腊,而是去了法国。
⑵“动词+介词”的搭配:
⑵in stead of是复合介词,意思是“代替;而(不)”,其后面的内容具有否 定意义。in
stead of可后接名词、代词或动名词,也可后接介词短语。例如:
agree with 同意 ...... 的意见
Give me the red one in stead of the gree n one. 请给我那个红色的, 而不是那个绿
begi n with 以 ... 开始
色的。She had tea in stead of coffee.她没有喝咖啡而喝了茶。 He walked
get off 下(车) get to 到达 hear of 听说 laugh
dow nstairs in stead of taki ng the lift. 他是走下楼的,没有乘电梯。They went there
at 嘲笑 liste n to 听
on foot in stead of by bus.(= …in stead of going by bus.)他们是走至 U那里去的, 没look at 看 ......
有乘公共汽车。
四、介词与其它词类的常见搭配:
以下是初中英语中一部分常见的介词与其它词类的搭配情况:
⑴介词+名词”的搭配:
above zero零度以上
after a while片刻之后 along the road 沿路 at first 起先;首先 at
after class 下课以后 at
last 终于;最后 at night 在夜里
breakfast 早餐时 at
at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at the head of 在 的前头
home 在家 at least 至at the same time 同时 at times 有时;偶尔 by air / bus 乘飞机/少;起码
公共汽车 by the end of 至U 末之前
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before long 不久以后
by the door 在门口
by the time (whe n …》 ... 的时候
duri ng summer holidays 在暑假 from
now on 从现在起
in bed (躺)在床上
in fact 实际上;事实上
in the country 在乡下
in the east of 在 ..... 东部
in the morni ng 在早晨
in this way 用这种方法
on display / show 陈歹 U;展出
on foot 走路;步行
on the east of 在 .... 以东(接壤)
on the other hand 另一方面
over there 在那边
with sb ' s he在某人的帮助下
ask for 请求; 询问
fall off (从……)掉下
get on 上(车)
go over过一遍;仔细检查
knock at 敲(门) lear n from 向 学习
look after 照顾;照看 look for 寻找 初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
look like 看起来像 ...... 一样
pay for 付钱;支付 quarrel with 跟某人吵架
thi nk about 考虑 trip over (被 )绊倒
⑶“形容词+介词”的搭配:
be afraid of 害怕;担心 be angry with 对 生气
be famous for 因 ..... 而有名
be kind to 对 ..... 友好
be near to 靠近 be proud of 以 自豪
be sure of 对 ..... 有把握
【考题分析】
look over 仔细检查
point at / to 指向 talk
about 谈论 think of
wait for
认为;想起
等候
+时间段”,而要使用 “inH寸间段”。答案 after three days改为in three days。
the night 4. ______________________________ Mr. Brown flew to Washington
before last.
A in B on C at D /
分析:在表达某一天的具体时间时,应该用介词 “on。但是本句是表达 在前
天的夜里”,与在前天"the day before yesterday相仿,前面不该用任何介词, 所以本题be amazed at对 ... 感至U惊讶
be excited about对 ... 感到激动
be full of 充满;装满
be in terested in 对 .... 感兴趣
be late for 迟至U
be pleased with对 ... 感到满意
be ready for 准备好
be worried about 为 ... 感至U焦急
1. ____________________________________
He has been late for school three times _______ the morning of last Friday.
A. in B. on C. since D. un til
分析:本题介词的选择取决于谓语动词所用的时态。
与之相对应的介词应当是
A. of B. for C. with D. to
分析:在英语中,表达 门的钥匙”、练习的答案”要用key这个词,它需要用
介词to与后面的名词连用,这是习惯用法。其他的例子还有: an answer to the
since。答案 C
2. I forgot to bring the key ______ my office.
谓语动词用了现在完成时,
答案应该选
5. The school gate is _____ the north of the classroom buildi ng.
A in B to C on D at
分析:在英语中,表达 东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个:表示在方位
区域的内部时, 用介词 “in。"如:The playground is in the south of the school.(操 场在学校的南面。)表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应该用介词
域不连壤的外部时,应该用介词
所以答案应该选 “ B”
6. You' ll get one thousand dollars ____ .
A after all B at all C in all D all together
分析:“after all意为 到底”、毕竟”、终于”;“at all通常与“not连用,意为 完全不”、一点也不”;“in all通常用于数量词后面,意为 总共”,同义词是 “ altogether。所以本题答案应该选 “ C”
“ on。如:
Room 203 is on the west of Room 205. ( 203 室在 205 室的西面。)表示在与方位 区“to。如:Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.
“to,” (上海在南京的东面。)本题的 校门”在 教学大楼”的北面,应该用介词
be fed up with 厌倦 be good at 善于; 擅长于
be far from 远离
7. This bus can run ____ 70 miles an hour. A for B with C at D in
分析:在表示 速度”、温度”、价格"意思时,应该用介词“at。如: at the speed
of…at the price of所以本题答案应该选: C
' clock that after noon.
question 问题的答案,a reply to our letter 对我们信的答复,the entrance to the building 大楼入口处,the monument to the heroes英雄纪念碑,等等。答案
3 .改错: The group of players will come back after three days.
分析:在使用将来时的句子中,如果表示 某段时间以后”,介词不能用 “after
D
8. It ' s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o
A on B at C until D by
分析:“at two o ' clock that afterno意为 在昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用 过 去进行时”;“by two o ' clock that afternoo意为 在昨天下午两点钟前”,时态通 常用过去完66
初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
成时”;“until two o' clockthat afternoon意为直到昨天下午两点 钟”,时态通常用 一7. The teacher is sta nding _______________________ the stude nts.
the time the fireme n arrived, the big fire had bee n put out.
般过去时”。本句中“stay是延续动词,因此可用 “until -
8. _______
9. My house is ___ the other side ______river, so I have to go _____ the bridge.
句型;如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话,就应该用 “not…until句型了。所以本
10. They all went to sleep __ young Tom. He was listening to music ___ the radio.
题答案应该选 “C
11. The stude nts go to school ______ Mon day ________ Friday.
9. Tom didn ' t attend the lecture yesteiydevening _____ his illness.
A as B for C because D because of
分析:在本句中, 因为生病”是一个词语,而不是原因状语从句,因此,不能
选连词“as、“for或“because来连接,而要用介词词组
答案应该选“D'。
10. Now it ' s quite important _____ us to make full use of time.
A for B to C of D with
分析:“ It ' s important to sb.意为’它对某人来说很重要")是词语搭配,“ It ' s for sb.
to do (•意为 做某事对某人来说是怎样的 句 是句型。当两者交叉、
重叠使用时,词语要让位于句型。 故本题答案应该选:A同样,“I like it so much
that ••句型中用“ so”而不用“ very,”也属于这种类型的表达方式。
' s nice __ you to get the ticket __ F1. It -race is vsryaidkdtingar
“because 0。所以本题
12. My office is ________________ theirs.
13. Do not throw any litter ________ the river.
14. What do you think _______ the movie? — Won derful!
15. The dead leaves on the gro und also keep the water ______ running away.
16. The trees can be pla nted _______ the lake.
17. We got on together just _______ old frien ds.
18. I was told that we could do that ________ differe nt ways.
…1 9. What do you want to do after you graduate _______ school?
20. Can you see the broom _______ the door?
二、用适当的介词或副词填空:
1. The rain was not eno ugh _ most pla nts.
2. March is the month
3.
句后
February and April.
his brother, David prefers coffee juice.
A of, for B for, for C of, of D for, of
分析:这句是“It ' s…of sb. to句型,意为 某人真是怎么样,做了某事
半句中“ticket for是固定词语,意为什么内容的票子句所以本题答案应该选:
A
【巩固练习】
一、用适当的介词填空:
1. You can find the post office _______ a fruit shop and a book shop.
2. We have friends all _______ the world.
3. You have to write a line _______ the last n ame _______ the book.
4. Tony got ___ early ____ Christmas Day to find his presents.
5. Two big bags fell the trucks.
6. We should work even harder to keep our environment
7. Have you brought any fresh water ______ you?
8. Spri ng here lasts March May.
9. Let ' s_go_ the text first.
10. Look! The pla ne has take n
11. Do you live far
and is flying the sky.
your school?
polluti on.
12. I won ' e lieve it until I see it ____ my own eyes.
13. Everybody wants a house his own.
14. Before you buy the shirt, you ' d it
15. When did they set ? — Early the morning.
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4. The an swer _______ the questio n was quite difficult.
5. The childre n are not allowed to look _______________ the window in class.
6. They have stayed in the hotel _______ n early ten days.
初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
16. There is no fire some smoke.
17. Why didn ' t you write all these words your notebook?
18. Look your belongings (随身物品),or you might lose them.68
初中英语语法专题讲座 介词
19. Please give me the red one
20. Those build ings should be pulled
参考答案:
the gree n one.
on ce.
一、 1. betwee n 2. over 3. un der, i n 4. to 5. out of 6. for 7. in front of 8. By 9. on, of,
across 10. except, on 11. from, to 12. next to 13. into 14. of 15. from 16. arou nd 17.
like 18. in 19. from 20. beh ind
二、 1. for 2. between 3. Uni ike, to 4. up, on 5. off 6. from 7. with 8. from, to 9. over 10.
off, into 11. away from
12. with 13. of 14. on 15. out, in 16. without 17. down, in 18. after 19. in stead of 20.
dow n at
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